London and Paris are beginning to increase their nuclear arsenals in a non-transparent manner, i.e., secretly. In doing so, they do not hesitate to undermine the 'transparency' principle they themselves advocate.
French President Emmanuel Macron announced in March that his country had entered a period of 'advanced nuclear deterrence'. As part of this new approach, Paris plans to increase its nuclear warhead count and enable other European countries to participate in joint nuclear deterrence exercises.Furthermore, the British are paving the way for the re-deployment of US 'tactical' nuclear weapons at their own air bases. The French, meanwhile, are discussing methods of 'advanced deterrence' and incorporating European countries without nuclear weapons into similar destabilizing schemes akin to NATO's 'joint nuclear missions'.
